TidyTuesday dataset of 2025-08-26

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

billboard = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-08-26/billboard.csv')
topics = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/main/data/2025/2025-08-26/topics.csv')

billboard

	song	artist	date	weeks_at_number_one	non_consecutive	rating_1	rating_2	rating_3	overall_rating	divisiveness	...	featured_in_a_then_contemporary_play	written_for_a_film	featured_in_a_then_contemporary_film	written_for_a_t_v_show	featured_in_a_then_contemporary_t_v_show	associated_with_dance	topped_the_charts_by_multiple_artist	double_a_side	eurovision_entry	u_s_artwork
0	Poor Little Fool	Ricky Nelson	1958-08-04T00:00:00Z	2	0	4	5	3	4.000000	1.333333	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Cannot Locate
1	Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu	Domenico Modugno	1958-08-18T00:00:00Z	5	1	7	7	5	6.333333	1.333333	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	1	Cannot Locate
2	Little Star	The Elegants	1958-08-25T00:00:00Z	1	0	5	6	6	5.666667	0.666667	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Cannot Locate
3	It's All in the Game	Tommy Edwards	1958-09-29T00:00:00Z	6	0	3	3	7	4.333333	2.666667	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Cannot Locate
4	It's Only Make Believe	Conway Twitty	1958-11-10T00:00:00Z	2	1	7	8	9	8.000000	1.333333	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Cannot Locate
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
1172	Please Please Please	Sabrina Carpenter	2024-06-29T00:00:00Z	1	0	8	7	8	7.666667	0.666667	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Artist Photograph
1173	A Bar Song (Tipsy)	Shaboozey	2024-07-13T00:00:00Z	19	1	6	4	9	6.333333	3.333333	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Artist Photograph;Photograph Related to Song T...
1174	Love Somebody	Morgan Wallen	2024-11-02T00:00:00Z	1	0	3	5	5	4.333333	1.333333	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Photograph Not Related to Song
1175	squabble up	Kendrick Lamar	2024-12-07T00:00:00Z	1	0	9	10	9	9.333333	0.666667	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	NaN
1176	Die with a Smile	Bruno Mars & Lady Gaga	2025-01-11T00:00:00Z	2	0	8	7	4	6.333333	2.666667	...	NaN	0	NaN	0	NaN	0	0	NaN	0	Artist Photograph;Text

1177 rows × 105 columns

billboard.columns.values

array(['song', 'artist', 'date', 'weeks_at_number_one', 'non_consecutive',
       'rating_1', 'rating_2', 'rating_3', 'overall_rating',
       'divisiveness', 'label', 'parent_label', 'cdr_genre', 'cdr_style',
       'discogs_genre', 'discogs_style', 'artist_structure',
       'featured_artists', 'multiple_lead_vocalists',
       'group_named_after_non_lead_singer', 'talent_contestant',
       'posthumous', 'artist_place_of_origin', 'front_person_age',
       'artist_male', 'artist_white', 'artist_black', 'songwriters',
       'songwriters_w_o_interpolation_sample_credits', 'songwriter_male',
       'songwriter_white', 'artist_is_a_songwriter',
       'artist_is_only_songwriter', 'producers', 'producer_male',
       'producer_white', 'artist_is_a_producer',
       'artist_is_only_producer', 'songwriter_is_a_producer',
       'time_signature', 'keys', 'simplified_key', 'bpm', 'energy',
       'danceability', 'happiness', 'loudness_d_b', 'acousticness',
       'vocally_based', 'bass_based', 'guitar_based',
       'piano_keyboard_based', 'orchestral_strings', 'horns_winds',
       'accordion', 'banjo', 'bongos', 'clarinet', 'cowbell',
       'falsetto_vocal', 'flute_piccolo', 'handclaps_snaps', 'harmonica',
       'human_whistling', 'kazoo', 'mandolin', 'pedal_lap_steel',
       'ocarina', 'saxophone', 'sitar', 'trumpet', 'ukulele', 'violin',
       'sound_effects', 'song_structure', 'rap_verse_in_a_non_rap_song',
       'length_sec', 'instrumental', 'instrumental_length_sec',
       'intro_length_sec', 'vocal_introduction',
       'free_time_vocal_introduction', 'fade_out', 'live', 'cover',
       'sample', 'interpolation', 'inspired_by_a_different_song',
       'lyrics', 'lyrical_topic', 'lyrical_narrative', 'spoken_word',
       'explicit', 'foreign_language', 'written_for_a_play',
       'featured_in_a_then_contemporary_play', 'written_for_a_film',
       'featured_in_a_then_contemporary_film', 'written_for_a_t_v_show',
       'featured_in_a_then_contemporary_t_v_show',
       'associated_with_dance', 'topped_the_charts_by_multiple_artist',
       'double_a_side', 'eurovision_entry', 'u_s_artwork'], dtype=object)

billboard['date'] = pd.to_datetime(billboard['date'])
# add a new  col date2 having three categories Before 75, 75-2000, After 2000
billboard['date2'] = pd.cut(billboard['date'].dt.year, bins=[0, 1975, 2000, 2025], labels=['Before 1975', '1975-2000', 'After 2000'])
billboard['date2'].value_counts()

date2
1975-2000      484
Before 1975    383
After 2000     310
Name: count, dtype: int64

billboard['simplified_key_mod'] = billboard['simplified_key'].replace('Multiple Keys', 'multi')
sk_values = billboard['simplified_key_mod'].value_counts()
sk_values

simplified_key_mod
C        120
multi     96
G         83
F         76
D         70
E         69
A         67
Db        57
Ab        49
Bb        48
Eb        42
Am        40
Fm        34
Cm        32
Gm        31
Dbm       29
Dm        29
Gb        29
B         29
Bbm       28
Em        27
Ebm       26
Bm        25
Gbm       21
Abm       20
Name: count, dtype: int64

fig,ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10,5))

sns.swarmplot(data=billboard, x='date2', y='simplified_key_mod', hue='weeks_at_number_one', \
ax=ax, alpha=0.75)
ax.legend(loc='lower center', ncol=6, bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, -0.2), \
frameon=False, title="")
ax.text(-0.55,29.4, "Weeks at Number One →")
sns.despine(bottom=True)
ax.tick_params(axis='x', which='both', length=0)

plt.xlabel('')
plt.ylabel('Key (simplified)')
plt.title("Changing key preference over the years in Billboard hits.", fontfamily='serif', \
         fontsize=14)
plt.savefig('billboard_hits.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()

sns.pairplot(billboard[['bpm', 'energy','danceability', 'happiness','weeks_at_number_one']], hue='weeks_at_number_one',\
corner=True)
plt.show()